Sistem Peringatan Dini Tsunami

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Siapa yang tidak pernah mendengar kata tsunami? Setelah Tsunami Aceh 2004 yang memakan korban ratusan ribu jiwa, tsunami menjadi familiar di masyarakat kita.
Dalam science, tsunami merupakan gelombang atau serangkaian gelombang yang dibangkitkan secara tiba-tiba oleh perubah vertikal suatu kolom air (Bryant, 2008). Ada beberapa hal yang menyebabkan hal tersebut, seperti aktivitas seismik, vulkanik, longsor di atas atau di bawah air, akibat asteroid yang jatuh di laut, atau pun fenomena meteorologi.
Sejak Tsunami Aceh, masyarakat kita kembali menyadari bahwa Indonesia terletak di wilayah rawan bencana. Berbagai hal dilakukan sebagai wujud pengurangan dampak dari bencana, seperti memunculkan kembali kearifan masyarakat, pelatihan atau simulasi bencana, edukasi mengenai kebencanaan ke berbagai lapisan masyarakat, jalur evakuasi, hingga yang paling canggih, yaitu Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS).
Seperti namanya, TEWS merupakan sistem peringatan dini terhadap bahaya tsunami yang dikelola oleh Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Indonesia. Sistem ini mendeteksi gempa bumi menggunakan strong motion, kemudian mengirim informasi tersebut melalui satelit ke pusat. Informasi tersebut menghasilkan magnitudo serta fault gempa bumi yang terjadi. Data-data ini lah yang menjadi input untuk simulasi tsunami. Apabila berpotensi tsunami, BMKG akan menyebarkan informasi ke berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah daerah, badan pemerintah lainnya, maupun media.
Apabila kita memperhatikan berbagai informasi cepat gempa bumi yang di publish oleh berbagai institusi melalui dunia maya, hasilnya akan berbeda. Perbedaan ini bisa dikarenakan banyak hal. Menurut saya, hal ini dikarenakan kita pun tidak tahu nilai magnitudo yang dikeluarkan merupakan nilai magnitudo apa karena ada banyak perhitungan untuk menentukan magnitudo gempa bumi.
Sistem pencegahan dan peringatan dini tsunami di Indonesia sudah berkembang dengan pesat. Akan tetapi, hal-hal tersebut akan sia-sia apabila tidak dilakukan terus-menerus.
Yuk, kita jadi masyarakat sadar bencana! J

-rgrm

Referensi:
2008. Bryant, E. Tsunami, The Underrated Hazard (Second Edition), Praxis Publishing: Chichester, UK.



Contoh hasil peringatan dini gempa bumi dan potensi tsunami pada tanggal 28 November 2012 
oleh USGS dan Ina TEWS

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